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Real-world example

A 4.5 m cement kiln, keyed in KEYOUT.

Two lining zones built from published manufacturer brick tables. Choose a zone and units; every figure cites its source.

Sizes are dry cold faces: the wide end of each wedge brick, against the shell.

Burning zone

220 mm basic lining · VDZ shapes8 11/16″ basic lining · VDZ shapes

Kiln
4,500 mm shell, cement kiln177.17″ (14 ft 9 in) shell, cement kilnSource 2
Real kiln this size
Ash Grove Cement, Seattle: about 15 ft across and 500 ft long. Its bricks are not published.Source 5
Lining
220 × 198 mm basic bricks, VDZ shapes8.66″ × 7.80″ basic bricks, VDZ shapesSources 1, 2
Ring mix
100 B622 + 88 B322 per ring (installed: 101 + 86)Source 2
Check
14,132 mm of cold faces vs. 14,137 mm around the shell556.38″ of cold faces vs. 556.58″ around the shell
Key bricks
BP22 (64 mm) and BP+22 (83 mm), two of each per ringBP22 (2.52″) and BP+22 (3.27″), two of each per ringSources 1, 4
Out of stock
B422, which could pair with B322; its combinations are hiddenSource 2
Keying rules
Never two keys side by side; at most 2–3 shims of 2 mm per ringSources 2, 3

Brick set

Brick Cold faceHot face MaxStock
B62274 mm2.9134″69 mm2.7165″ — In stock
B32276.5 mm3.0118″66.5 mm2.6181″ — In stock
B42275 mm2.9528″68 mm2.6772″ — Out of stock
BP2264 mm2.5197″59 mm2.3228″ 2 In stock
BP+2283 mm3.2677″75.5 mm2.9724″ 2 In stock

Combinations · 150–500 mm gapsCombinations · 6″–20″ gaps

Gaps with no fit are not shown.

150 mm 5 combinations

  1. 150.5 mm

  2. 153 mm

  3. 157 mm

  4. 159.5 mm

  5. 166 mm

200 mm 10 combinations

  1. 202 mm

  2. 204.5 mm

  3. 211 mm

  4. 212 mm

  5. 214.5 mm

  6. 217 mm

  7. 221 mm

  8. 222 mm

  9. 223.5 mm

  10. 224.5 mm

225 mm 8 combinations

  1. 227 mm

  2. 229.5 mm

  3. 230 mm

  4. 231 mm

  5. 233.5 mm

  6. 236 mm

  7. 240 mm

  8. 242.5 mm

275 mm 14 combinations

  1. 276 mm

  2. 278.5 mm

  3. 281 mm

  4. 285 mm

  5. 286 mm

  6. 287.5 mm

  7. 288.5 mm

  8. 291 mm

  9. 293.5 mm

  10. 294 mm

  11. 295 mm

  12. 296 mm

  13. 297.5 mm

  14. 298.5 mm

300 mm 13 combinations

  1. 300 mm

  2. 301 mm

  3. 303.5 mm

  4. 304 mm

  5. 305 mm

  6. 306 mm

  7. 306.5 mm

  8. 307.5 mm

  9. 310 mm

  10. 312.5 mm

  11. 314 mm

  12. 316.5 mm

  13. 319 mm

350 mm 19 combinations

  1. 350 mm

  2. 352.5 mm

  3. 355 mm

  4. 357.5 mm

  5. 359 mm

  6. 360 mm

  7. 361.5 mm

  8. 362.5 mm

  9. 364 mm

  10. 365 mm

  11. 367.5 mm

  12. 368 mm

  13. 369 mm

  14. 370 mm

  15. 370 mm

  16. 370.5 mm

  17. 371.5 mm

  18. 372.5 mm

  19. 374 mm

375 mm 17 combinations

  1. 375 mm

  2. 376.5 mm

  3. 377.5 mm

  4. 378 mm

  5. 379 mm

  6. 380 mm

  7. 380.5 mm

  8. 381.5 mm

  9. 382.5 mm

  10. 383 mm

  11. 384 mm

  12. 386.5 mm

  13. 388 mm

  14. 389 mm

  15. 390.5 mm

  16. 393 mm

  17. 395.5 mm

400 mm 1 combination

  1. 424 mm

425 mm 23 combinations

  1. 426.5 mm

  2. 429 mm

  3. 431.5 mm

  4. 433 mm

  5. 434 mm

  6. 434 mm

  7. 435.5 mm

  8. 436.5 mm

  9. 438 mm

  10. 439 mm

  11. 440.5 mm

  12. 441.5 mm

  13. 442 mm

  14. 443 mm

  15. 444 mm

  16. 444 mm

  17. 444.5 mm

  18. 445.5 mm

  19. 446.5 mm

  20. 446.5 mm

  21. 447 mm

  22. 448 mm

  23. 449 mm

450 mm 21 combinations

  1. 450.5 mm

  2. 451.5 mm

  3. 452 mm

  4. 453 mm

  5. 453 mm

  6. 454 mm

  7. 454.5 mm

  8. 455.5 mm

  9. 456.5 mm

  10. 457 mm

  11. 458 mm

  12. 459 mm

  13. 459.5 mm

  14. 460.5 mm

  15. 462 mm

  16. 463 mm

  17. 464.5 mm

  18. 465.5 mm

  19. 467 mm

  20. 469.5 mm

  21. 472 mm

475 mm 1 combination

  1. 498 mm

500 mm 28 combinations

  1. 500.5 mm

  2. 503 mm

  3. 505.5 mm

  4. 507 mm

  5. 508 mm

  6. 508 mm

  7. 509.5 mm

  8. 510.5 mm

  9. 510.5 mm

  10. 512 mm

  11. 513 mm

  12. 514.5 mm

  13. 515.5 mm

  14. 516 mm

  15. 517 mm

  16. 517 mm

  17. 518 mm

  18. 518 mm

  19. 518.5 mm

  20. 519.5 mm

  21. 520.5 mm

  22. 520.5 mm

  23. 521 mm

  24. 522 mm

  25. 523 mm

  26. 523 mm

  27. 523.5 mm

  28. 524.5 mm

6″ 4 combinations

  1. 6″Actual 6.0236″

  2. 6 3/16″Actual 6.1811″

  3. 6 1/4″Actual 6.2795″

  4. 6 9/16″Actual 6.5354″

7″ 1 combination

  1. 7 15/16″Actual 7.9528″

8″ 10 combinations

  1. 8 1/16″Actual 8.0512″

  2. 8 5/16″Actual 8.3071″

  3. 8 3/8″Actual 8.3465″

  4. 8 7/16″Actual 8.4449″

  5. 8 9/16″Actual 8.5433″

  6. 8 11/16″Actual 8.7008″

  7. 8 3/4″Actual 8.7402″

  8. 8 13/16″Actual 8.7992″

  9. 8 13/16″Actual 8.8386″

  10. 8 15/16″Actual 8.937″

9″ 7 combinations

  1. 9 1/16″Actual 9.0354″

  2. 9 1/16″Actual 9.0551″

  3. 9 1/8″Actual 9.0945″

  4. 9 3/16″Actual 9.1929″

  5. 9 5/16″Actual 9.2913″

  6. 9 7/16″Actual 9.4488″

  7. 9 9/16″Actual 9.5472″

10″ 2 combinations

  1. 10 7/8″Actual 10.8661″

  2. 10 15/16″Actual 10.9646″

11″ 16 combinations

  1. 11 1/16″Actual 11.063″

  2. 11 1/4″Actual 11.2205″

  3. 11 1/4″Actual 11.2598″

  4. 11 5/16″Actual 11.3189″

  5. 11 3/8″Actual 11.3583″

  6. 11 7/16″Actual 11.4567″

  7. 11 9/16″Actual 11.5551″

  8. 11 9/16″Actual 11.5748″

  9. 11 5/8″Actual 11.6142″

  10. 11 5/8″Actual 11.6535″

  11. 11 11/16″Actual 11.7126″

  12. 11 3/4″Actual 11.752″

  13. 11 13/16″Actual 11.811″

  14. 11 7/8″Actual 11.8504″

  15. 11 15/16″Actual 11.9488″

  16. 11 15/16″Actual 11.9685″

12″ 9 combinations

  1. 12″Actual 12.0079″

  2. 12 1/16″Actual 12.0472″

  3. 12 1/16″Actual 12.0669″

  4. 12 1/8″Actual 12.1063″

  5. 12 3/16″Actual 12.2047″

  6. 12 5/16″Actual 12.3031″

  7. 12 3/8″Actual 12.3622″

  8. 12 7/16″Actual 12.4606″

  9. 12 9/16″Actual 12.5591″

13″ 3 combinations

  1. 13 3/4″Actual 13.7795″

  2. 13 7/8″Actual 13.878″

  3. 14″Actual 13.9764″

14″ 23 combinations

  1. 14 1/16″Actual 14.0748″

  2. 14 1/8″Actual 14.1339″

  3. 14 3/16″Actual 14.1732″

  4. 14 1/4″Actual 14.2323″

  5. 14 1/4″Actual 14.2717″

  6. 14 5/16″Actual 14.3307″

  7. 14 3/8″Actual 14.3701″

  8. 14 7/16″Actual 14.4685″

  9. 14 1/2″Actual 14.4882″

  10. 14 1/2″Actual 14.5276″

  11. 14 9/16″Actual 14.5669″

  12. 14 9/16″Actual 14.5669″

  13. 14 9/16″Actual 14.5866″

  14. 14 5/8″Actual 14.626″

  15. 14 11/16″Actual 14.6654″

  16. 14 3/4″Actual 14.7244″

  17. 14 3/4″Actual 14.7638″

  18. 14 13/16″Actual 14.8228″

  19. 14 7/8″Actual 14.8622″

  20. 14 7/8″Actual 14.8819″

  21. 14 15/16″Actual 14.9213″

  22. 14 15/16″Actual 14.9606″

  23. 15″Actual 14.9803″

15″ 10 combinations

  1. 15″Actual 15.0197″

  2. 15 1/16″Actual 15.0591″

  3. 15 1/16″Actual 15.0787″

  4. 15 1/8″Actual 15.1181″

  5. 15 3/16″Actual 15.2165″

  6. 15 1/4″Actual 15.2756″

  7. 15 5/16″Actual 15.315″

  8. 15 3/8″Actual 15.374″

  9. 15 1/2″Actual 15.4724″

  10. 15 9/16″Actual 15.5709″

16″ 4 combinations

  1. 16 11/16″Actual 16.6929″

  2. 16 13/16″Actual 16.7913″

  3. 16 7/8″Actual 16.8898″

  4. 17″Actual 16.9882″

17″ 30 combinations

  1. 17 1/16″Actual 17.0472″

  2. 17 1/16″Actual 17.0866″

  3. 17 1/16″Actual 17.0866″

  4. 17 1/8″Actual 17.1457″

  5. 17 3/16″Actual 17.185″

  6. 17 1/4″Actual 17.2441″

  7. 17 5/16″Actual 17.2835″

  8. 17 5/16″Actual 17.3425″

  9. 17 3/8″Actual 17.3819″

  10. 17 3/8″Actual 17.4016″

  11. 17 7/16″Actual 17.4409″

  12. 17 1/2″Actual 17.4803″

  13. 17 1/2″Actual 17.4803″

  14. 17 1/2″

  15. 17 9/16″Actual 17.5394″

  16. 17 9/16″Actual 17.5787″

  17. 17 9/16″Actual 17.5787″

  18. 17 5/8″Actual 17.5984″

  19. 17 5/8″Actual 17.6378″

  20. 17 11/16″Actual 17.6772″

  21. 17 3/4″Actual 17.7362″

  22. 17 3/4″Actual 17.7756″

  23. 17 13/16″Actual 17.7953″

  24. 17 13/16″Actual 17.8346″

  25. 17 13/16″Actual 17.8346″

  26. 17 7/8″Actual 17.874″

  27. 17 7/8″Actual 17.8937″

  28. 17 15/16″Actual 17.9331″

  29. 18″Actual 17.9724″

  30. 18″Actual 17.9921″

18″ 11 combinations

  1. 18 1/16″Actual 18.0315″

  2. 18 1/16″Actual 18.0709″

  3. 18 1/16″Actual 18.0906″

  4. 18 1/8″Actual 18.1299″

  5. 18 3/16″Actual 18.189″

  6. 18 1/4″Actual 18.2283″

  7. 18 5/16″Actual 18.2874″

  8. 18 5/16″Actual 18.3268″

  9. 18 3/8″Actual 18.3858″

  10. 18 1/2″Actual 18.4843″

  11. 18 9/16″Actual 18.5827″

19″ 5 combinations

  1. 19 5/8″Actual 19.6063″

  2. 19 11/16″Actual 19.7047″

  3. 19 13/16″Actual 19.8031″

  4. 19 7/8″Actual 19.9016″

  5. 19 15/16″Actual 19.9606″

20″ 36 combinations

  1. 20″

  2. 20″

  3. 20 1/16″Actual 20.0591″

  4. 20 1/8″Actual 20.0984″

  5. 20 1/8″Actual 20.0984″

  6. 20 3/16″Actual 20.1575″

  7. 20 3/16″Actual 20.1969″

  8. 20 1/4″Actual 20.2559″

  9. 20 5/16″Actual 20.2953″

  10. 20 5/16″Actual 20.315″

  11. 20 3/8″Actual 20.3543″

  12. 20 3/8″Actual 20.3543″

  13. 20 3/8″Actual 20.3937″

  14. 20 3/8″Actual 20.3937″

  15. 20 7/16″Actual 20.4134″

  16. 20 7/16″Actual 20.4528″

  17. 20 1/2″Actual 20.4921″

  18. 20 1/2″Actual 20.4921″

  19. 20 1/2″Actual 20.5118″

  20. 20 9/16″Actual 20.5512″

  21. 20 9/16″Actual 20.5906″

  22. 20 9/16″Actual 20.5906″

  23. 20 5/8″Actual 20.6102″

  24. 20 5/8″Actual 20.6496″

  25. 20 11/16″Actual 20.689″

  26. 20 11/16″Actual 20.7087″

  27. 20 3/4″Actual 20.748″

  28. 20 3/4″Actual 20.748″

  29. 20 13/16″Actual 20.7874″

  30. 20 13/16″Actual 20.8071″

  31. 20 7/8″Actual 20.8465″

  32. 20 7/8″Actual 20.8465″

  33. 20 7/8″Actual 20.8858″

  34. 20 7/8″Actual 20.9055″

  35. 20 15/16″Actual 20.9449″

  36. 21″Actual 20.9843″

View 75 mm to 1,250 mm in the full paid version (up to 2,500 mm on request).View 3″ to 50″ in the full paid version (51″ to 100″ on request).

See prices

Alumina zone

220 mm alumina lining · ISO shapes8 11/16″ alumina lining · ISO shapes

Kiln
Same 4,500 mm shellSame 177.17″ shellSource 2
Lining
220 × 198 mm alumina bricks, ISO 322 and ISO 6228.66″ × 7.80″ alumina bricks, ISO 322 and ISO 622Sources 1, 2
Standard brick
Every ISO shape has a 103 mm cold face, so it is listed onceEvery ISO shape has a 4.0551″ cold face, so it is listed onceSource 1
Check
14,137 mm ÷ 103 mm ≈ 137 bricks per ring, before keys556.58″ ÷ 4.0551″ ≈ 137 bricks per ring, before keys
Key bricks
P22 (83 mm) and P+22 (93 mm), two of each per ringP22 (3.27″) and P+22 (3.66″), two of each per ringSource 4
Keying rules
Never two keys side by side; at most 2–3 shims of 2 mm per ringSources 2, 3

Brick set

Brick Cold faceHot face MaxStock
ISOISO 322 / 622103 mm4.0551″— — In stock
P2283 mm3.2677″75.5 mm2.9724″ 2 In stock
P+2293 mm3.6614″85.5 mm3.3661″ 2 In stock

Combinations · 150–500 mm gapsCombinations · 6″–20″ gaps

Gaps with no fit are not shown.

150 mm 1 combination

  1. 166 mm

175 mm 4 combinations

  1. 176 mm

  2. 186 mm

  3. 186 mm

  4. 196 mm

200 mm 1 combination

  1. 206 mm

250 mm 3 combinations

  1. 259 mm

  2. 269 mm

  3. 269 mm

275 mm 4 combinations

  1. 279 mm

  2. 289 mm

  3. 289 mm

  4. 299 mm

300 mm 1 combination

  1. 309 mm

350 mm 4 combinations

  1. 352 mm

  2. 362 mm

  3. 372 mm

  4. 372 mm

375 mm 3 combinations

  1. 382 mm

  2. 392 mm

  3. 392 mm

400 mm 2 combinations

  1. 402 mm

  2. 412 mm

450 mm 2 combinations

  1. 455 mm

  2. 465 mm

475 mm 5 combinations

  1. 475 mm

  2. 475 mm

  3. 485 mm

  4. 495 mm

  5. 495 mm

500 mm 2 combinations

  1. 505 mm

  2. 515 mm

6″ 2 combinations

  1. 6 9/16″Actual 6.5354″

  2. 6 15/16″Actual 6.9291″

7″ 3 combinations

  1. 7 5/16″Actual 7.3228″

  2. 7 5/16″Actual 7.3228″

  3. 7 11/16″Actual 7.7165″

8″ 1 combination

  1. 8 1/8″Actual 8.1102″

10″ 4 combinations

  1. 10 3/16″Actual 10.1969″

  2. 10 9/16″Actual 10.5906″

  3. 10 9/16″Actual 10.5906″

  4. 11″Actual 10.9843″

11″ 3 combinations

  1. 11 3/8″Actual 11.378″

  2. 11 3/8″Actual 11.378″

  3. 11 3/4″Actual 11.7717″

12″ 1 combination

  1. 12 3/16″Actual 12.1654″

13″ 1 combination

  1. 13 7/8″Actual 13.8583″

14″ 3 combinations

  1. 14 1/4″Actual 14.252″

  2. 14 5/8″Actual 14.6457″

  3. 14 5/8″Actual 14.6457″

15″ 4 combinations

  1. 15 1/16″Actual 15.0394″

  2. 15 7/16″Actual 15.4331″

  3. 15 7/16″Actual 15.4331″

  4. 15 13/16″Actual 15.8268″

16″ 1 combination

  1. 16 1/4″Actual 16.2205″

17″ 1 combination

  1. 17 15/16″Actual 17.9134″

18″ 3 combinations

  1. 18 5/16″Actual 18.3071″

  2. 18 11/16″Actual 18.7008″

  3. 18 11/16″Actual 18.7008″

19″ 4 combinations

  1. 19 1/8″Actual 19.0945″

  2. 19 1/2″Actual 19.4882″

  3. 19 1/2″Actual 19.4882″

  4. 19 7/8″Actual 19.8819″

20″ 1 combination

  1. 20 1/4″Actual 20.2756″

View 75 mm to 1,250 mm in the full paid version (up to 2,500 mm on request).View 3″ to 50″ in the full paid version (51″ to 100″ on request).

See prices

Sources

  1. Brick Installation Guide

    Harbison-Walker Refractories Company, 2008. Pages 33 and 38–42: keying bricks, two-shape linings, ISO cold face.

  2. Installation of Rotary Kiln Bricks

    RHI Business Unit Cement (J. Nievoll), April 2007. Slides 16, 18, 28 and 31–34: VDZ table, the real 4.5 m ring, keying rules.

  3. Installation of Refractory Materials in Rotary Kilns: Essential Principles

    Refratechnik Cement GmbH, 2017. Slides 32, 33 and 37: key bricks, shims, cutting.

  4. Cement Rotary Kiln Bricks

    Selko Ateş Tuğla, Turkey, page updated 25 July 2022. VDZ and ISO standard and key brick tables.

  5. Statement of Basis, Ash Grove Cement Company, Air Operating Permit 11339

    Puget Sound Clean Air Agency, 2 December 2010. Page 2: kiln about 500 ft long and 15 ft across.

Sources accessed 4 November 2026. Shape names belong to their manufacturers. KEYOUT is not affiliated with RHI Magnesita, Refratechnik, Selko, HarbisonWalker International or Ash Grove Cement. Check your own spec sheet and every fit on site.